Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is defined as a collection of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, or its action. Diabetes was first recognized as an ailment connected with "sweet urine," and extreme muscle loss in the olden world. High levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, therefore the term sweet urine

Usually, blood glucose levels are strongly controlled by insulin, a hormone formed by the pancreas. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose elevates, insulin is released from the pancreas to regularize the glucose level by promoting the uptake of glucose into body cells. In patients with diabetes, the absence of inadequate production of or lack of reaction to insulin causes hyperglycemia. Diabetes is an unrelieved medical situation, meaning that although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime.

Type 1 Diabetes symptoms

Symptoms of diabetes can be associated in type 1 diabetes, which is usually diagnosed in children and teens, and type 2 diabetes, which most frequently occurs in adults. The symptoms of any of the two types are connected to high blood and urine glucose levels and include :

• Frequent infections
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Blurred vision
• Hunger
• Dehydration
• Weight loss or gain
• Fatigue
• Dry mouth
• Slow-healing wounds, cuts, or sores
• Itching skin and
• Increased susceptibility to infest

Type 2 Diabetes symptoms

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes includes :

• Increased urine output
• Excessive thirst
• Weight loss
• Hunger
• Fatigue
• Skin problems
• Slow healing wounds
• Yeast infections and
• Tingling or numbness in the feet or toes.

     Diabetes symptoms in women

• The early symptoms of untreated diabetes are related to elevated blood sugar levels, and loss of glucose in the urine. High amounts of glucose in the urine can cause increased urine output (frequent urination) and lead to dehydration.
• The dehydration also causes increased thirst and water consumption.
• A relative or absolute insulin deficiency eventually leads to weight loss.
• The weight loss of diabetes occurs despite an increase in appetite.

Diabetes symptoms in men

Some untreated diabetes patients also complain of fatigue.

Nausea and vomiting can also occur in patients with untreated diabetes.

• Frequent infections (such as infections of the bladder, skin, and vaginal areas) are more likely to occur in people with untreated or poorly-controlled diabetes.
• Fluctuations in blood glucose levels can lead to blurred vision.
• Extremely elevated glucose levels can lead to lethargy.

Whatcauses diabetes?

Insufficient production of insulin (either completely or relative to the body's needs), production of faulty insulin (which is unusual), or the incapability of cells to use insulin correctly and efficiently leads to hyperglycemia and diabetes.

• This latter state affects mostly the cells of muscle and fat tissues, and results in a condition known as insulin resistance. This is the chief dilemma in type 2 diabetes.
• The complete lack of insulin, usually secondary to a critical procedure touching the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, is the main chaos in type 1 diabetes.

In type 2 diabetes, there also is a stable reject of beta cells that adds to the procedure of elevated blood sugars. Basically, if somebody is resistant to insulin, the body can, to some quantity, boost production of insulin and conquer the level of resistance. After time, if production decreases and insulin cannot be released as dynamically, hyperglycemia develops.

Typesof diabetes

There are two major types of diabetes, called type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes was also previously called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas undergoes an autoimmune assault by the body itself, and is rendered powerless of building insulin. Unusual antibodies have been found in the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes. Antibodies are proteins in the blood that are component of the body's immune structure. The patient with type 1 diabetes must rely on insulin medication for endurance.

type1 diabetes

In autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, the immune structure erroneously manufactures antibodies and inflammatory cells that are directed against and cause injure to patients' own body tissues. In persons with type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas, which are accountable for insulin production, are attacked by the misdirected immune system. It is supposed that the predisposition to develop abnormal antibodies in type 1 diabetes is, in part, hereditarily inherited, although the facts are not fully understood.

Exposure to certain viral infections (mumps and Coxsackie viruses) or other environmental toxins may serve to trigger abnormal antibody responses that cause injury to the pancreas cells where insulin is made. several of the antibodies seen in type 1 diabetes include anti-islet cell antibodies, anti-insulin antibodies and anti-glutamic decarboxylase antibodies. These antibodies can be detected in the majority of patients, and may help determine which individuals are at risk for developing type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes tends to happen in youthful, lean individuals, generally before 30 years of age; though, older patients do present with this form of diabetes on occasion. This subgroup is referred to as dormant autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). LADA is a slow, progressive form of type 1 diabetes. Of all the people with diabetes, merely about 10% have type 1 diabetes and the remaining 90% have type 2 diabetes.

type2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes was also formerly referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or adult-onset diabetes mellitus (AODM). In type 2 diabetes, patients can still manufacture insulin, but do so relatively poorly for their body's needs, predominantly in the face of insulin resistance. In several cases this actually means the pancreas produces bigger than normal quantities of insulin. A major feature of type 2 diabetes is a lack of sensitivity to insulin by the cells of the body.

In addition to the tribulations with an increase in insulin resistance, the release of insulin by the pancreas may also be imperfect and suboptimal. In fact, there is a recognized stable decline in beta cell production of insulin in type 2 diabetes that contributes to worsening glucose control. (This is a main issue for several patients with type 2 diabetes who eventually require insulin therapy.) lastly, the liver in these patients continues to produce glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis regardless of elevated glucose levels. The control of gluconeogenesis becomes compromised.

While it is said that type 2 diabetes occurs frequently in persons over 30 years old and the occurrence increases with age, an alarming number of patients with type 2 diabetes are scarcely in their teen years. The majority of these cases are a straight consequence of deprived eating habits, higher body weight, and lack of exercise.

While there is a strong genetic component to developing this form of diabetes, there are other risk factors - the most significant of which is obesity. There is a direct relationship between the degree of obesity and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and this holds true in children as well as adults. It is estimated that the chance to develop diabetes doubles for every 20% increase over desirable body weight.

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus, describes a collection of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is insufficient, or because the body's cells do not react correctly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will usually experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia).

Diabetes treatment

All types of diabetes are treatable. Diabetes type 1 lasts a lifetime, there is no known cure. Type 2 usually lasts a lifetime, however, thousands of people have managed to get rid of their symptoms without medication and also within the shortest period of time by learning and applying the secrets in HERE

Researchers from the Mayo Clinic Arizona in Scottsdale showed that gastric bypass surgery can reverse type 2 diabetes in a high amount of patients. They added that within three to five years the disease recurs in roughly 23% of them. Yessica Ramos, MD., said "The reappearance rate was primarily influenced by a longstanding history of Type 2 diabetes before the surgery. This suggests that early surgical intervention in the obese, diabetic inhabitants will improve the permanence of remission of Type 2 diabetes.

If diabetes is not adequately controlled the patient has a significantly higher risk of developing complications such as :

Eye complications - glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and some others.

Foot complications - neuropathy, ulcers, and occasionally gangrene which may entail that the foot be amputated

Skin complications - people with diabetes are more vulnerable to skin infections and skin disorders

Heart problems - such as ischemic heart disease, when the blood supply to the heart muscle is diminished

Hypertension - familiar in people with diabetes, which can raise the risk of kidney disease, eye problems, heart attack and stroke

Mental health - unrestrained diabetes raises the risk of suffering from depression, nervousness and some other mental disorders

Hearing loss - diabetes patients have a higher danger of developing hearing problems

Gum disease - there is a much higher occurrence of gum disease among diabetes patients

Gastroparesis - the muscles of the stomach stop working correctly

Ketoacidosis - a combination of ketosis and acidosis; gathering of ketone bodies and acidity in the blood.

Neuropathy - diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage which can lead to numerous different problems.

HHNS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome) - blood glucose levels shoot up too high, and there are no ketones present in the blood or urine. It is an emergency condition.

Nephropathy - uncontrolled blood pressure can lead to kidney disease

PAD (peripheral arterial disease) - symptoms may contain pain in the leg, tingling and at times problems walking correctly

Stroke - if blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood glucose levels are not controlled, the risk of stroke increases drastically

Erectile dysfunction - male impotence.

Infections - people with badly controlled diabetes are much more susceptible to infections

Healing of wounds - cuts and lesions take much longer to heal

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